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The Glorious Revolution of 1688 transformed British governance, transitioning from absolute to constitutional monarchy. It established parliamentary supremacy, enacted the Bill of Rights, and influenced global democratic principles. Key events included the English Civil War, the reign of James II, and the invitation to William of Orange.
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The conflict between Parliament and King Charles I over religious freedom and governance
Exclusion Crisis
The movement to exclude James II from the line of succession due to fears of Catholic absolutism
Popish Plot
The fabricated plot that heightened anti-Catholic sentiments
His attempts to promote religious tolerance and replace Protestant officials with Catholics led to widespread distrust and political upheaval
A coalition of political figures invited William to intervene due to growing discontent with James II's policies
William's arrival in England with a formidable force and James's lack of support led to his flight to France
Cementing the shift in power and establishment of a constitutional monarchy
The Glorious Revolution confirmed the power of Parliament over the monarchy, establishing a constitutional monarchy
Toleration Act of 1689
Allowed for greater religious freedom, but maintained restrictions on Catholics and non-Christians
Bill of Rights of 1689
Established parliamentary sovereignty and the rule of law, limiting the powers of the monarchy and setting out the rights of Parliament and individuals
The Glorious Revolution's legislative milestones served as a model for principles of governance and individual rights in emerging democracies around the world
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Significance of the Glorious Revolution
Established constitutional monarchy, limiting royal power and ensuring parliamentary supremacy.
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Outcome of the English Civil War
Execution of Charles I, rise of the Commonwealth, and eventual restoration of the monarchy.
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Religious tension before the Glorious Revolution
Protestant fears of Catholic dominance due to potential Catholic monarch, James II.
