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Memory Development

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Exploring memory development, this overview discusses its stages, including encoding, storage, and retrieval, and the maturation process from early childhood to adolescence. It also addresses memory changes in aging and the impact of mental illnesses and learning disabilities on memory functions. Strategies to support memory in older adults and the role of memory in human cognition are highlighted.

Understanding Memory Development

Memory development is a complex process that is fundamental to learning and adapting to our environment. It encompasses several stages: encoding, where information is transformed into a format that can be stored; storage, which involves maintaining information over time; and retrieval, the ability to access stored information when needed. Encoding can occur through visual, acoustic, or semantic means. Memory storage is categorized into short-term and long-term memory, with different strategies and processes involved in each. Retrieval can be spontaneous or prompted, and it becomes more efficient with practice and as neural pathways strengthen. Memory development is a lifelong process, with significant advancements in childhood and adolescence and a natural decline in later years.
Detailed anatomical model of human brain on wooden desk with vase of colorful marbles and blurry green plant in background.

Memory Maturation in Early Childhood

In early childhood, memory undergoes significant development as children's cognitive capacities expand. Research, such as the study by Sebastián and Hernández-Gil (2012), has shown that working memory, particularly the phonological loop which is responsible for verbal and auditory information, improves with age. The digit span test, a common measure of working memory capacity, indicates that children's ability to remember sequences of numbers increases from ages 5 to 11. This growth in memory capacity is due to both biological maturation and the enhancement of memory strategies.

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Encoding methods in memory

Visual, acoustic, semantic; transforming info for storage.

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Memory storage types

Short-term vs. long-term; different strategies for each.

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Efficiency of memory retrieval

Improved with practice, strengthened neural pathways.

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