Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. This adaptability is evident in synaptic pruning for efficiency, structural changes in musicians and gamers, and recovery mechanisms following trauma. Rehabilitation therapies like CIMT utilize this plasticity for functional improvements.
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The brain can change its structure, function, and connections through neuroplasticity, which is crucial for development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage
Long-term potentiation (LTP)
Repeated stimulation of neurons can strengthen their connections, leading to long-term potentiation
Synaptic pruning
Unused synapses can weaken or be eliminated through synaptic pruning, streamlining neural processing and improving cognitive efficiency
Neuroplasticity is most prominent during childhood and adolescence but continues throughout life, allowing for ongoing learning and adaptation
In response to injury, the brain can form new neural pathways through axonal sprouting, leading to the restoration of some functions
Certain substances, including drugs of abuse, can cause structural changes in the brain, particularly in regions associated with reward and addiction
After trauma, the brain can undergo functional reorganization, with different areas adapting to take on new roles
In response to brain damage, remaining neurons can become more responsive to compensate for lost connections through denervation supersensitivity
Following a brain injury, previously underutilized synapses can become activated through synaptic unmasking, contributing to the brain's ability to adapt and recover
Age, gender, and targeted rehabilitation therapies can all impact the extent of functional recovery through neuroplasticity
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitation therapy that utilizes the brain's plasticity to aid in recovery by promoting the use of impaired limbs
Studies have shown that specialized activities, such as playing an instrument or playing video games, can lead to structural changes in the brain, demonstrating its capacity for adaptation
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In the brain, nerve cells called ______ communicate via ______, which can either strengthen through ______ or weaken and disappear through ______.
neurons
synapses
repeated stimulation
synaptic pruning
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Synaptic pruning timeline
Most pronounced during childhood and adolescence, continues throughout life.
02
'Use it or lose it' principle
Synaptic connections maintained through activity, shaping the brain based on experiences.
