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The main topic of the text is the exploration of the free will versus determinism debate in psychology and its influence on human behavior, identity formation, and moral conduct. It discusses how behaviorists like B.F. Skinner view behavior as a result of environmental conditioning, while humanistic psychologists such as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers emphasize free will and self-actualization. The text also examines Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development and the role of moral identity in ethical behavior.
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All events, including human actions, are ultimately determined by external causes
Behaviorism
Behaviorists believe that all behavior is the result of environmental conditioning
Albert Bandura's theory proposes a dynamic interplay between personal choice and external factors
The concept of free will asserts that individuals have the power to choose their actions
Humanistic Psychology
Humanistic psychology believes that individuals have the potential for self-actualization
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow's theory suggests that self-actualization is the highest level of psychological development
Carl Rogers
Rogers believed that a congruence between self-concept and experiences is necessary for self-actualization
Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
Erikson's theory describes the formation of identity through eight stages of conflict and resolution
Identity includes one's sense of self, personal values, beliefs, and social roles
Moral identity is the degree to which being a moral person is important to an individual's identity
The relationship between identity and the free will vs determinism debate is complex
Identity is shaped by both internal factors, such as personal choices, and external factors, like cultural norms
The psychological study of identity recognizes that while individuals may have some autonomy, their decisions are influenced by past experiences and their environment
00
______ argued that human actions are a result of environmental ______, while the idea of ______ will suggests people choose their actions.
B.F. Skinner
conditioning
free
01
______ Bandura's concept of ______ determinism suggests a balance between environmental influence and personal ______.
Albert
reciprocal
choice
02
Key proponent of Humanistic Psychology
Abraham Maslow, emphasized individual potential and self-actualization.
