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Zygosity in genetics is the degree of similarity between alleles at a gene locus, influencing traits and inheritance. It includes homozygosity, heterozygosity, hemizygosity, nullizygosity, autozygosity, and allozygosity. These concepts are pivotal in understanding genetic diversity, diseases, and twin studies, offering insights into genetic inheritance and the role of environmental factors.
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Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that contribute to the genetic diversity of species
Genotype and its role in determining phenotype
The specific combination of alleles at a gene locus determines the observable characteristics of an organism
Phenotype and its relation to zygosity
An organism's zygosity, or genetic composition, plays a crucial role in determining its phenotype
The pattern of allele inheritance and zygosity is essential for the survival and adaptation of a species
Homozygous-dominant and its characteristics
Homozygous-dominant individuals have two identical alleles that express the dominant trait
Homozygous-recessive and its characteristics
Homozygous-recessive individuals have two identical alleles that express the recessive trait
Heterozygous individuals carry two different alleles, contributing to genetic diversity and potentially providing a survival advantage
Hemizygous individuals have a single allele at a gene locus, often due to gene deletion or the presence of genes on sex chromosomes, which affects the inheritance patterns of sex-linked traits
Nullizygous individuals have both alleles at a gene locus that are nonfunctional, providing insight into the essential roles of genes and the effects of their inactivation
Autozygosity and its relation to inbreeding
Autozygosity occurs when both alleles at a locus are inherited from a common ancestor, often due to inbreeding
Allozygosity and its relation to genetic lineage
Allozygosity occurs when alleles are derived from different ancestors, providing insight into genetic lineage and population genetics
Zygosity defines the genetic similarity between twins and offers valuable insights into genetic inheritance and the influence of environmental factors on individual traits
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Meaning of homozygous
Organism with two identical alleles at a gene locus.
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Meaning of heterozygous
Organism with two different alleles at a gene locus.
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Difference between hemizygous and nullizygous
Hemizygous: one allele present. Nullizygous: both alleles missing.
