Depression is a complex mood disorder influenced by neurotransmitter imbalances, genetic factors, and brain structure changes. Key neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine play significant roles in mood regulation, alertness, and motivation. Treatments such as SSRIs and SNRIs target these imbalances to alleviate symptoms. However, the biological model's reductionist view is challenged by the multifaceted nature of depression, which also requires psychosocial considerations.
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Depression is a complex mood disorder that affects an individual's daily life
Major Depressive Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder is characterized by a consistent low mood
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder involves alternating episodes of depression and mania
Depression is influenced by genetic, neurochemical, and structural factors within the brain
Neurotransmitters are essential for neuron-to-neuron communication in the brain
Serotonin
Imbalances in serotonin levels are associated with depressive symptoms
Norepinephrine
Reduced levels of norepinephrine can contribute to symptoms of depression
Dopamine
Imbalances in dopamine levels can affect reward and motivation in depression
The monoamine hypothesis suggests that deficits in neurotransmitters can lead to depressive symptoms
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
SSRIs aim to increase serotonin levels in the brain to enhance mood regulation
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
SNRIs increase both serotonin and norepinephrine levels to alleviate depressive symptoms
The biological model has been criticized for neglecting psychological and social dimensions of depression
The chemical imbalance theory has been challenged by inconsistent research findings
A comprehensive approach that considers both biological and psychosocial factors is necessary for understanding and treating depression
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Depression is a complex mood disorder characterized by enduring feelings of ______, ______, and a diminished drive, which disrupts a person's everyday activities.
sadness
hopelessness
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Major depressive disorder, also known as ______ depression, is marked by a steady low mood, while ______ disorder includes cycles of depression and ______.
unipolar
bipolar
mania
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Role of Serotonin in Depression
Serotonin regulates mood; imbalances may cause depressive symptoms.
