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Telophase is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotic cells, crucial for the proper segregation of chromosomes and the re-establishment of cellular structures. It involves the decondensation of chromosomes, reassembly of the nuclear envelope, and disassembly of the mitotic spindle. Molecular mechanisms like the dephosphorylation of proteins by phosphatases, such as Cdc14 in yeast, and the degradation of cyclins by the APC/C are key for transitioning from mitosis to cytokinesis. Additional regulatory proteins like Cdc48/p97 also play a significant role in telophase progression.
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Telophase is the final phase of cell division in eukaryotic cells, where the cell's normal structures are re-established after chromosomal separation
Chromosome Decondensation
During telophase, chromosomes begin to decondense into chromatin
Nuclear Envelope Reassembly
The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes during telophase
Mitotic Spindle Disassembly
The mitotic spindle, composed of microtubules, is disassembled during telophase
Telophase is a short but critical phase that sets the stage for the subsequent process of cytokinesis
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm that results in the formation of two distinct daughter cells
The coordination between telophase and cytokinesis ensures that each daughter cell receives an equal and complete set of genetic material and cellular organelles
The orderly progression through telophase is governed by the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins, including those phosphorylated by mitotic cyclin-dependent kinases
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) plays a crucial role in the transition from phosphorylation to dephosphorylation by degrading cyclin partners of Cdks
Phosphatases, such as Cdc14 in budding yeast, are essential for reversing the phosphorylation of Cdk substrates and allowing the cell to exit mitosis
The physical separation of chromosomes from the metaphase plate during anaphase may provide cues for the onset of telophase
Proteins like Cdc48 in yeast play a critical role in spindle disassembly, nuclear envelope reformation, and chromosome decondensation during telophase
00
During telophase, chromosomes that were previously separated start to transform back into ______.
chromatin
01
The ______ envelope reforms around each group of chromosomes, signaling the end of telophase.
nuclear
02
The mitotic ______, essential for chromosome separation, is broken down and its parts are saved for later use.
spindle
