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Explore the timeline of Mesoamerican history, from the early hunter-gatherers of the Paleo-Indian period to the complex societies of the Preclassic era. Witness the rise and fall of great city-states during the Classic and Postclassic periods, culminating in the Spanish conquest that ended Pre-Columbian times.
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The Paleo-Indian period was characterized by nomadic hunter-gatherer groups, while the Archaic period saw the beginnings of agriculture
Rise of Early Complex Societies
The Preclassic period witnessed the rise of civilizations such as the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, and Teotihuacán
Development of Agriculture and Trade Networks
During the Preclassic period, there was a transition from foraging to farming, leading to more complex economies and widespread trade networks
Cultural Prosperity and Political Power
The Classic period saw the height of major Mesoamerican cities like Teotihuacán and Tikal, while the Postclassic period was marked by the ebb and flow of political entities
Endings and New Beginnings
The Terminal Classic and Postclassic periods saw the rise and decline of cities like Uxmal, Chichén Itzá, and Mayapán, and the establishment of empires by the Toltecs and Aztecs
Mesoamerica was home to a diverse array of cultures, including the Otomi, Mixe-Zoque, and Uto-Aztecan-speaking peoples
The enduring legacy of Mesoamerican civilizations is evident in their monumental architecture, intricate art, and advanced knowledge of mathematics and astronomy