Explore the life and work of Robert K. Merton, a pioneering American sociologist known for his strain theory and advancements in structural functionalism. His work on social structure, deviance, and the sociology of science has significantly shaped the field. Merton's concepts like 'self-fulfilling prophecy' and his critical approach to functional analysis remain influential in sociological studies.
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Robert K. Merton was born to immigrant parents from Eastern Europe in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Merton changed his name from Meyer Robert Schkolnick to Robert K. Merton as a tribute to his interest in magic and Harry Houdini
Merton completed his undergraduate studies at Temple University and earned a Ph.D. in sociology from Harvard University in 1936
Merton's strain theory explains how societal structures can lead to deviant behavior when there is a discrepancy between cultural goals and means to achieve them
Merton's typology of conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion provides a framework for understanding responses to social strain and has become a cornerstone in the study of deviance
Merton's critique of Talcott Parsons' work and introduction of concepts such as "manifest and latent functions" advanced the paradigm of structural functionalism in sociology
Merton introduced the concept of social dysfunction, recognizing that social structures can have adverse effects on other parts of society
Merton's analysis of dysfunctions sought to understand their role in precipitating social change and the evolution of societal structures
Merton's concept of social dysfunction can be seen in the persistence of gender discrimination, which may benefit some groups but harm society as a whole
Merton's work in the sociology of science examined the impact of religion, culture, and economics on scientific progress
Merton's research highlighted the ethos of science and its role in the advancement of knowledge
Merton's contributions to the sociology of science have been influential in understanding the social dimensions of scientific inquiry
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Merton's main academic affiliation
Columbia University, where he was a distinguished University Professor.
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Merton's notable family achievement
His son, Robert C. Merton, won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences.
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Prestigious award received by Merton
National Medal of Science in 1994, first sociologist recipient.
