Academic English: A Guide to Scholarly Communication

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Academic English is a specialized form of communication used in scholarly contexts, characterized by formality, precision, and structured argumentation. It employs a formal style, precise vocabulary, and is typically impersonal and objective. The text explores the role of vocabulary, appropriate contexts for using Academic English, its distinguishing features, and the importance of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses.

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Understanding Academic English

Academic English (AE) is the form of English utilized within scholarly contexts, encompassing the realms of reading, writing, and discussing academic subjects. It is distinguished by its formal style, precise vocabulary, structured composition, and a tone that is typically impersonal and objective. Academic writing should be clear and concise, even when dealing with complex ideas, and should be accessible to its intended audience—scholars and individuals familiar with academic discourse. Effective academic writers adeptly use a specialized vocabulary, ensuring that any new or complex terms are introduced with sufficient explanation to facilitate understanding.

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The Role of Vocabulary in Academic English

Vocabulary in AE is a critical element that varies according to the discipline. Some terms are widely recognized in academic circles, while others are specific to particular fields. Common academic terms like 'hypothesis' or 'variable' may be readily understood by the academic community, but more specialized terminology requires clear definitions to ensure comprehension. This practice not only assists the reader but also showcases the writer's expertise in the subject. The Academic Word List (AWL) is a valuable resource that lists words commonly found in academic texts, aiding writers in selecting appropriate vocabulary.

Appropriate Contexts for Using Academic English

Academic English is primarily used in educational and scholarly environments, and is not the norm in everyday conversation. It is suitable for formal academic documents such as theses, dissertations, journal articles, research papers, essays, and presentations. Employing AE in these settings underscores the formal and intellectual nature of the discourse, aligning with the expectations of academic communication.

Characteristics of Academic English

Academic English is characterized by its formality and objectivity. It typically avoids contractions, colloquial expressions, and slang, favoring the third person perspective. The passive voice may be used to create an impersonal tone, contributing to the objectivity of the writing. Academic texts often use cautious language, employing terms like 'suggest', 'indicate', or 'imply' to recognize the provisional nature of knowledge. Critical analysis, evidence-based arguments, and proper citations are fundamental, as is maintaining a balanced tone devoid of emotive language or personal bias. Clarity and explicit structure are paramount, with references serving to substantiate claims and facilitate source verification.

Academic English Phrases and Structures

Employing specific phrases and structures can significantly enhance the coherence and persuasiveness of academic writing. Phrases that introduce critical analysis, comparisons, definitions, examples, and transitions help to construct a logical and compelling argument. These linguistic tools guide the reader through the narrative, ensuring that the text remains engaging and comprehensible.

English for Academic Purposes (EAP)

English for Academic Purposes (EAP) is a branch of instruction designed to equip non-native English speakers with the linguistic skills necessary for academic study. It falls under the broader umbrella of English Language Teaching (ELT) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP). EAP courses emphasize academic vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, as well as key academic competencies such as critical thinking, research methodologies, and argumentation. While EAP is primarily targeted at non-native speakers, many educational institutions offer these courses to all students to bolster their academic literacy.

Distinguishing Academic English from General English

Academic English is markedly different from General English, which may include a range of informal expressions, idioms, and varying levels of formality. In contrast, AE maintains a consistent level of formality, eschews contractions and colloquialisms, and is typically written in the third person. It aims for a neutral, unbiased tone and avoids idiomatic expressions. These distinctions are crucial in ensuring that academic writing remains professional and suitable for its scholarly audience.

Key Takeaways in Academic English

In conclusion, Academic English is a specialized linguistic form designed for scholarly communication. It is characterized by formality, objectivity, and a structured approach that emphasizes clarity and precision. Academic writers must be mindful of their audience, employing appropriate vocabulary and structural elements to effectively articulate complex concepts. The overarching aim is to inform and guide the reader through a logical argument, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Academic English is an indispensable tool for students and professionals in academia, facilitating their participation in scholarly discourse and contributing to their fields of expertise.

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______ English (AE) is used in scholarly contexts, including reading, writing, and discussing ______ subjects.

Academic

academic

Academic writing is known for its formal style and should be ______ and ______, even when discussing complex ideas.

clear

concise

Academic Word List (AWL) purpose

Lists common academic terms to aid in appropriate vocabulary selection.

Academic English: A Guide to Scholarly Communication

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