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Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Medications

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Schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder characterized by psychosis, is managed pharmacologically with antipsychotic medications. Typical antipsychotics, like Chlorpromazine and Haloperidol, target positive symptoms but may cause extrapyramidal symptoms. Atypical antipsychotics, such as Clozapine and Risperidone, address both positive and negative symptoms with fewer EPS but increased metabolic risks. Treatment efficacy, side effects, and patient well-being are key considerations.

Exploring Schizophrenia and Its Pharmacological Management

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It is often marked by episodes of psychosis, featuring hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Pharmacological management is a cornerstone of treatment for schizophrenia, with antipsychotic medications being the primary therapeutic agents. These medications are categorized into typical (first-generation) and atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics, each with unique pharmacological profiles and side effects. The diagnosis of schizophrenia is complex, relying on clinical assessment as biological markers are not yet definitive. The reliability and validity of diagnostic criteria continue to be refined to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Wooden shelf in pharmacy with orange and transparent glass medicine bottles, white childproof caps, soft lighting.

Typical Antipsychotics: The First Generation

Typical antipsychotics, introduced in the 1950s, are the first generation of medications used to treat schizophrenia. They primarily address the positive symptoms of the disorder, such as hallucinations and delusions, by antagonizing dopamine D2 receptors, especially in the mesolimbic pathway. Common typical antipsychotics include Chlorpromazine and Haloperidol. While effective, these medications can cause significant side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) like tardive dyskinesia and akathisia, as well as anticholinergic effects, which can impact the quality of life and adherence to treatment.

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00

______ is a persistent and serious mental condition that impacts an individual's thought process, emotions, and actions.

Schizophrenia

01

First generation antipsychotics introduction era

Introduced in the 1950s

02

Typical antipsychotics primary target

Antagonize dopamine D2 receptors

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