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The July 20 Plot: Operation Valkyrie and the Attempt to Assassinate Hitler

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The July 20 Plot, or Operation Valkyrie, was a significant attempt by German Army officers to assassinate Adolf Hitler and overthrow the Nazi government during World War II. The plan involved Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg and others who sought to use the Reserve Army to control Berlin and negotiate peace with the Allies. Despite their efforts, the plot failed due to a misplaced bomb, leading to severe repercussions for the conspirators.

The July 20 Plot Against Hitler

The July 20 Plot, also known as the Operation Valkyrie, was a critical attempt to change the course of World War II by assassinating Adolf Hitler. Orchestrated by a group of German Army officers including Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg, General Friedrich Olbricht, and Major General Henning von Tresckow, the plan was to eliminate Hitler and then mobilize the Reserve Army to take control of Berlin, arrest the Nazi leadership, and initiate peace talks with the Allies. The assassination attempt failed when a bomb placed in Hitler's conference room did not kill him, largely due to the unexpected placement of the bomb behind a heavy table support, which shielded Hitler from the blast.
Vintage 1940s wood-paneled office with ornate wooden desk, worn leather chair, brass lamp, rotary phone, and bookcase filled with leather-bound books.

The Origins and Adaptation of Operation Valkyrie

Operation Valkyrie was originally conceived as an emergency response plan by the German military to ensure government stability in the event of internal disturbances, such as those that might be caused by Allied bombings or other disruptions. The conspirators, recognizing the potential of this existing plan, adapted it to serve as the framework for their coup. They intended to use the Reserve Army to assume control of key government facilities and communication centers immediately following Hitler's assassination.

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Date and codename of the assassination attempt on Hitler

July 20 Plot occurred on July 20, 1944; codenamed Operation Valkyrie.

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Outcome of the July 20 Plot

Assassination attempt failed; Hitler survived due to bomb placement behind heavy table support.

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Post-assassination plan in the July 20 Plot

Mobilize Reserve Army, control Berlin, arrest Nazi leaders, initiate peace with Allies.

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