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The Heian period (794-1185 CE) marks Japan's Golden Age, known for cultural prosperity and the rise of the Fujiwara clan's political dominance. Emperor Kammu established Heian-Kyo (Kyoto) as the new capital, reflecting the era's aesthetic values. Literature flourished with works like 'The Tale of Genji', and the development of Katakana and Hiragana scripts enabled unique Japanese expression. The period ended with the rise of the samurai class and the onset of feudal rule.
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Emperor Kammu's decision to move the capital from Nara to Heian-Kyo symbolized the centralized power of the emperor
The regency system established by the Fujiwara clan
The regency system allowed the Fujiwara clan to govern by proxy, resulting in the emperor's diminished political control
The influence of noble families, such as the Fujiwara, led to a shift in the imperial court's focus towards culture and artistry
"The Tale of Genji" by Murasaki Shikibu
"The Tale of Genji" is considered the world's first novel and a testament to the Heian period's literary achievements
"The Pillow Book" by Sei Shonagon
"The Pillow Book" provides a witty and incisive look at court life during the Heian period
The introduction of Katakana and Hiragana scripts allowed for a greater expression of Japanese language and thought
Calligraphy and poetry were highly valued in Heian society, reflecting one's breeding and inner qualities and serving as a means of communication and courtship
The weakening of central authority in the Heian period allowed provincial landowners to amass power and led to the rise of the samurai class
The Genpei War between the Taira and Minamoto clans marked the end of the Heian period and the beginning of feudal rule in Japan
The establishment of the Kamakura shogunate by Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1185 marked the end of the Heian period and the beginning of feudal rule in Japan