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The reaction quotient (Q) is a key concept in chemical kinetics, used to determine the direction of a reversible reaction before equilibrium is reached. It involves calculating Qc and Qp, which represent the concentrations and partial pressures of reactants and products, respectively. Understanding Q helps chemists predict whether a reaction will form more products or reactants and is linked to Gibbs free energy for assessing reaction spontaneity.
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The reaction quotient (Q) is a tool used in chemical kinetics to assess the concentrations of reactants and products in a reaction mixture at any point prior to reaching equilibrium
Definition of Keq
The equilibrium constant (Keq) is a definitive value that quantifies the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium
Relationship between Q and Keq
By comparing Q with Keq, chemists can predict the direction in which a reaction will shift to reach equilibrium
Q can be calculated using the concentrations of reactants and products, raised to the power of their respective coefficients in the balanced chemical equation
Qc is calculated using the molar concentrations of gaseous or aqueous species in the reaction mixture
Qp is calculated using the partial pressures of gaseous reactants and products in the reaction mixture
Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is a thermodynamic quantity that predicts the spontaneity of a reaction
The equation ΔG = ΔG° + RTln(Q) describes the relationship between Q and ΔG, where ΔG° is the standard Gibbs free energy change, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin
The reaction quotient is an essential tool for chemists to monitor the trajectory of a reaction as it approaches equilibrium
By comparing Q with Keq, chemists can predict whether a reaction will shift towards the formation of more products or reactants to reach equilibrium
00
Q measures the concentrations of ______ and ______ at any moment, unlike Keq which is only at ______.
reactants
products
equilibrium
01
Define Keq.
Keq is the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium.
02
What does Keq indicate about a reaction?
Keq indicates the extent of a reaction; high Keq favors products, low Keq favors reactants.
