The Working Memory Model (WMM) is a framework for understanding short-term memory, highlighting its active role in cognitive processes. Developed by Baddeley and Hitch, it includes the central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer, each contributing to tasks such as language acquisition, spatial reasoning, and memory formation. The WMM emphasizes the dynamic nature of memory in learning and comprehension.
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The Working Memory Model (WMM) revolutionized the conceptualization of short-term memory (STM) by proposing that it is an active processing system with multiple components
Differences between WMM and MSM
The WMM challenges the earlier Multi-Store Model (MSM) by emphasizing the active processing and specialized functions of STM
The WMM highlights the critical role of STM in cognitive tasks such as learning, comprehension, and reasoning
The CE is the core component of the WMM, responsible for allocating attentional resources, regulating cognitive processes, and coordinating the subsidiary systems
Components of the PL
The PL consists of the phonological store, which preserves the order of sounds, and the articulatory rehearsal process, which rehearses verbal information
Functions of the PL
The PL is essential for language acquisition and the rehearsal of verbal information
Components of the VSS
The VSS is divided into the visual cache, which stores visual information, and the inner scribe, which deals with spatial information
Functions of the VSS
The VSS is crucial for tasks that involve visual and spatial reasoning
The EB was added to the WMM to integrate information from the other components and facilitate the formation of coherent memories
The CE acts as the conductor of working memory, allocating resources and coordinating the other components
The PL and VSS specialize in processing and temporarily storing auditory/verbal and visual/spatial information, respectively
The EB binds information from the other components and facilitates the transfer to long-term memory
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Year WMM introduced
1974 by Baddeley and Hitch
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WMM vs MSM
WMM sees STM as active processing; MSM as passive stage
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Components of STM in WMM
Multiple specialized parts, not a single buffer
