The Majapahit Empire, a powerful thalassocracy in Southeast Asia, thrived from 1293 to 1527, commanding key trade routes and fostering economic prosperity. It was known for its religious diversity, integrating Buddhism, Hinduism, and indigenous traditions. The empire's administration was hierarchical, with a Chakravartin ruler. Despite its golden age under King Hayam Wuruk, internal conflicts and external pressures led to its decline.
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The Majapahit Empire emerged as a dominant force in Southeast Asia following the unsuccessful Mongol invasion led by Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty in 1293
Betrayal of the Mongols
Prince Raden Wijaya of Java exploited the situation by allying with the Mongols to defeat his rival, Jayakatwang, only to betray the Mongols afterward
Raden Wijaya established the Majapahit Empire and ascended the throne as Kertarajasa Jayawardhana
At its height, the Majapahit Empire's influence extended across what is now Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines
Strategic Control of Trade Routes
As a thalassocracy, the Majapahit Empire flourished from 1293 to 1527, commanding vital trade routes, including the strategic Strait of Malacca
Economic Foundation
The empire's economy was underpinned by robust agricultural practices and a thriving trade network
The Majapahit Empire sustained its wealth by collecting tributes in precious metals from subordinate kingdoms, in exchange for infrastructure development and protection
The Majapahit Empire was a crucible of cultural and religious diversity, harmoniously integrating Buddhism, Hinduism, and the indigenous Kejawen traditions
Introduction of Christianity and Islam
The introduction of Christianity and Islam later posed challenges to the established religious order, marking the beginning of a significant transformation in the region's spiritual and cultural identity
The Majapahit Empire's administration was structured in a hierarchical manner, with the Chakravartin, a sovereign ruler influenced by Hindu-Buddhist ideology, at the pinnacle of governance
Role of the Rakryan Mapatih
The Chakravartin was supported by a council of ministers and officials, including the Rakryan Mapatih or prime minister, pivotal in managing the empire's affairs
The Majapahit Empire experienced its golden age under the rule of King Hayam Wuruk and his prime minister, Gajah Mada, from 1350 to 1389, but its decline was precipitated by the Regreg War and external pressures
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Majapahit Empire emergence year post-Mongol invasion
Established in 1293 after repelling Mongols.
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Cause of Mongol invasion of Java
Javanese King Kertanegara's refusal to pay tribute.
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Mongol ally turned adversary in Java
Prince Raden Wijaya allied then betrayed Mongols.
