Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder characterized by a range of symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive deficits. Family dynamics and socio-cultural factors significantly influence its development and treatment. Psychological interventions, alongside pharmacotherapy, play a crucial role in managing the disorder and improving quality of life.
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Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include diminished emotional expression, apathy, and social withdrawal
Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia involve problems with attention, memory, and executive functions
Dysfunctional family interactions, characterized by high levels of criticism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement, can contribute to the onset and exacerbation of schizophrenia
Expressed emotion (EE) has been associated with higher relapse rates in individuals with schizophrenia and can be reduced through family-based interventions
The "schizophrenogenic mother" and double bind theory have been proposed as potential contributors to schizophrenia, while contemporary research focuses on the broader concept of EE
Cognitive dysfunction, including deficits in attention, memory, and executive function, is a core feature of schizophrenia and can contribute to its characteristic symptoms
Cognitive remediation therapies aim to improve cognitive deficits in individuals with schizophrenia, potentially reducing the severity of their symptoms
Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia can lead to sensory overload, delusions, and social withdrawal, highlighting the importance of addressing these deficits in treatment
Lower socioeconomic status, urban living, migration, and adverse life events are recognized as risk factors for schizophrenia
Environmental stressors can interact with individual vulnerabilities to trigger the onset of schizophrenia, emphasizing the importance of considering the social context in understanding and treating the disorder
Psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, family therapy, and social skills training, can be used in conjunction with pharmacotherapy to address both the psychological and biological aspects of schizophrenia and improve outcomes
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Global prevalence of schizophrenia
Affects about 1% of the global population.
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Role of environmental factors in schizophrenia
Environmental factors contribute to the development and maintenance of schizophrenia.
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Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia
Problems with attention, memory, and executive functions are common.
