London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular attractions essential for the cohesion of non-polar molecules. Arising from temporary dipoles induced by electron fluctuations, these forces influence the boiling and melting points of substances. Factors like molecular size, shape, and proximity determine the strength of these forces, which are crucial for understanding the physical behavior of compounds, especially noble gases and isomers.
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London dispersion forces are a type of van der Waals force that arises from instantaneous fluctuations in electron distribution within atoms or molecules
These forces are named after physicist Fritz London and are the weakest form of intermolecular attraction
London dispersion forces involve the temporary formation of dipoles due to uneven electron distribution, leading to an attractive force between adjacent atoms or molecules
Despite being individually weak, London dispersion forces play a crucial role in the cohesion of non-polar substances and are responsible for the liquefaction and solidification of noble gases
The strength of London dispersion forces affects the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points, with larger and more elongated molecules experiencing stronger forces
The strength of London dispersion forces is influenced by the size and shape of molecules, with larger and more elongated molecules experiencing stronger forces
The strength of London dispersion forces diminishes with increasing distance between interacting particles
Noble gases, such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon, exemplify London dispersion forces, with xenon having the strongest forces due to its larger size and number of electrons
Isomers, such as n-pentane and neopentane, demonstrate the influence of molecular shape on London dispersion forces, with the more elongated n-pentane having stronger forces and a higher boiling point
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Nature of London dispersion forces
Weak intermolecular attractions due to temporary dipoles caused by electron fluctuations.
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Induction process in London dispersion forces
Momentary dipoles in one atom/molecule induce dipoles in adjacent ones, creating attraction.
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Role of London dispersion forces in non-polar substances
Collectively affect physical properties like boiling and melting points in non-polar compounds.
