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Explore the foundations of the UK political party system, tracing its origins to the English Civil War and the rise of Whigs and Tories. Learn about the two-party system, the political spectrum, and the major parties like the Conservative, Labour, and Liberal Democrats, as well as right-wing factions such as UKIP and the DUP.
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The English Civil War was a conflict between the Royalists, who supported absolute monarchy, and the Parliamentarians, who championed a constitutional monarchy
Parliamentary Sovereignty
The Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland under Oliver Cromwell established the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, where the monarch must govern with the consent of Parliament
The Whigs and Tories emerged as political factions during the English Civil War and Commonwealth period, with the Whigs supporting parliamentary supremacy and the Tories defending the monarchy and Anglican Church
The Representation of the People Acts of 1832 and 1867 broadened the franchise and transformed the political landscape in the UK
Adaptation to Newly Enfranchised Electorate
The Tories and Whigs evolved into the Conservative Party and Liberal Party, respectively, adapting their policies to appeal to the newly enfranchised electorate
The UK's historical evolution has resulted in a two-party system, where governance is typically managed by one of two dominant parties - the majority party and the opposition party
The terms "left-wing" and "right-wing" refer to ideologies that promote social equality and limited government intervention, respectively
Centrist politics seek a balance between social justice and economic freedom
"Far-left" and "far-right" ideologies are more radical and less inclusive than those of mainstream parties
One-Nation Conservatism
The Conservative Party, with its roots in right-wing ideology, has at times embraced "one-nation conservatism," which focuses on social cohesion and economic intervention for the benefit of the working class
New Labour Movement
The traditionally left-wing Labour Party shifted towards the political center with the "New Labour" movement, endorsing elements of market economics
Coalition Government with Conservatives
The Liberal Democrats, born from a merger between the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party, entered into a coalition government with the Conservatives in 2010
00
The foundation of the UK's party system dates back to the ______ (______-______), which was a crucial struggle between the ______ and the ______.
English Civil War
1642
1651
Royalists
Parliamentarians
01
Following the ______ victory, the ______ was established, emphasizing the concept that the monarch should rule with the approval of ______.
Parliamentarians
Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Parliament
02
Origins of Whigs and Tories
Emerged from English Civil War, formalized post-Commonwealth; Whigs for parliamentary supremacy, Tories for monarchy and Anglican Church.
