Marxist class theory analyzes social stratification through the lens of individuals' relationships to the means of production. It identifies the proletariat and bourgeoisie as key classes whose conflicting interests drive societal change. The theory emphasizes class struggle, the importance of class consciousness, and predicts a shift from capitalism to a classless society.
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Marxist class theory focuses on the relationship of individuals and groups to the means of production, rather than traditional socioeconomic classifications
Proletariat
The proletariat, or workers, must sell their labor to survive
Bourgeoisie
The bourgeoisie own the means of production and profit from the labor of the proletariat
The conflicting interests of the proletariat and bourgeoisie are the driving force behind social and economic struggles according to Marxist theory
Class struggle is the heart of Marxist theory, describing the ongoing conflict between the proletariat and bourgeoisie
The proletariat's pursuit of fair wages and humane working conditions conflicts with the bourgeoisie's goal of maximizing profits
Marx predicted that the class struggle would ultimately lead to a proletarian revolution, overthrowing the capitalist system and creating a classless society
Class consciousness is the self-awareness of one's class position and associated interests
Developing class consciousness is important for the proletariat to recognize their exploitation and for the bourgeoisie to understand their role in maintaining the status quo
Class consciousness is a prerequisite for any potential revolutionary movement, as it unites a class against perceived systemic injustices
Marxist theory asserts that political processes are arenas for the proletariat to advocate for better conditions and for the bourgeoisie to defend their economic interests
The Marxist concept of "base and superstructure" illustrates how the economic base influences political and cultural institutions, which in turn can affect but not fundamentally alter the economic base
Marx's historical materialism traces the evolution of class dynamics through various modes of production, leading to transformative social changes
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Marxist class theory originator
Karl Marx developed Marxist class theory.
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Focus of Marxist class theory
Analyzes social stratification based on production means relationship.
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Conflict in Marxist class theory
Proletariat and bourgeoisie interests clash, causing social and economic struggles.
