The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 marked the beginning of European overseas expansion, dividing the world between Spain and Portugal. This period, known as old imperialism, saw European powers establish colonies, trade routes, and influence across the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The Catholic Church's role, scientific advancements, and the consequences for indigenous populations are pivotal aspects of this era. The text delves into the exploration, colonization, and the shift from old to new imperialism.
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The Treaty of Tordesillas divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal to resolve conflicts and spread Christianity
Establishment of Colonies and Trading Posts
European powers competed for global dominance by establishing colonies and trading posts in the Americas, Africa, and Asia
Motivations for Imperialistic Ventures
Economic gain, national prestige, and the spread of Christianity were the primary motivations for old imperialism
European conquests led to displacement, subjugation, and decimation of native peoples, as well as the establishment of the transatlantic slave trade and suppression of indigenous cultures
The desire for accurate navigation charts spurred advancements in cartography, astronomy, and natural history during the age of old imperialism
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres, known as the Columbian Exchange, was a result of European exploration
Impact on Global Power Relations
The arrival of Europeans and the subsequent exchange of ideas and resources had a profound impact on global power relations
The Catholic Church played a crucial role in old imperialism by sending missionaries to convert indigenous populations to Christianity
The Church's influence extended into the governance and cultural life of the colonies, promoting European cultural hegemony
Old imperialism, which spanned from the late 15th century to the 18th century, focused on establishing colonies and trade routes, while new imperialism involved direct control and exploitation of territories for industrialization
The end of World War I marked the beginning of the decline of European colonial empires and the gradual process of decolonization throughout the 20th century
00
Under the agreement, ______ and ______ decided to split new non-European territories along a line ______ leagues west of the ______ ______ islands.
Spain
Portugal
370
Cape Verde
01
Key European players in old imperialism
Portugal, Spain, England, France, Netherlands vied for global dominance.
02
Old imperialism's impact on culture and religion
European culture and Christianity spread through founding of overseas territories.
