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The Great Depression and the Environmental Catastrophe of the Dust Bowl

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The Great Depression, marked by the 1929 stock market crash, led to widespread economic hardship throughout the 1930s. Coupled with the environmental disaster of the Dust Bowl, it prompted President Roosevelt's New Deal, introducing significant economic and social reforms. These measures, including the AAA, NRA, and Social Security Act, aimed to stabilize the economy and provide relief. The era's cultural impact is evident in literature, reflecting the societal struggles of the time.

The Great Depression and the Environmental Catastrophe of the Dust Bowl

The Great Depression, a devastating economic downturn, began with the stock market crash of 1929 and lasted throughout the 1930s. It was during President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's term, starting in 1933, that significant efforts to address the crisis were implemented. Concurrently, the Dust Bowl, a severe ecological disaster caused by drought and poor agricultural practices, exacerbated the plight of American farmers, leading to widespread poverty and migration. The Roosevelt administration introduced the New Deal, a series of programs and reforms designed to revitalize the economy, provide relief to the suffering population, and prevent future economic disasters.
Arid landscape with cracked earth, remains of withered crops, dilapidated house and motionless windmill under a dusty sky.

Emergency Measures and Regulatory Reforms

To stabilize the banking system, the Roosevelt administration passed the Emergency Banking Act during a nationwide bank holiday in 1933, which allowed the reopening of solvent banks under strict conditions. The Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 were enacted to regulate the stock market and protect investors, leading to the establishment of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was created to insure bank deposits, and the Glass–Steagall Act was implemented to separate commercial and investment banking, reducing the risk of future financial crises.

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Start and duration of the Great Depression

Began with 1929 stock market crash, lasted through 1930s.

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President during the Great Depression

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, term started in 1933.

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Purpose of the New Deal

Revitalize economy, provide relief, prevent future crises.

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