Algor Cards

Alkynes: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons with Triple Bonds

Concept Map

Algorino

Edit available

Alkynes are a group of unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, with a general formula of CnH2n-2. They are known for their high reactivity, which is utilized in synthetic chemistry for creating chemicals, plastics, and drugs. The text explores alkynes' presence in daily life, industrial applications, and their significance in medicine, particularly in drug synthesis. It also discusses the transformation of alkenes into alkynes, highlighting the chemical processes and properties involved.

Introduction to Alkynes in Organic Chemistry

Alkynes are a distinct group of hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, represented by the chemical notation -C≡C-. They belong to the broader category of unsaturated hydrocarbons and are less stable than alkanes and alkenes due to the high energy of the triple bond. The general molecular formula for an alkyne is \(C_{n}H_{2n-2}\), where \(n\) is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Ethyne, commonly known as acetylene (C2H2), is the simplest alkyne. Molecules with multiple triple bonds are referred to as polyynes. Alkynes are highly reactive, making them fundamental to synthetic chemistry for creating a wide array of chemicals through reactions such as hydrogenation, halogenation, and polymerization.
Glass flask on reflective surface with colorless liquid and hanging glass rod, next to lit Bunsen burner in defocused laboratory.

Differentiating Alkynes from Other Hydrocarbons

Alkynes, alkanes, and alkenes represent the three primary classes of hydrocarbons. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds and follow the formula \(C_{n}H_{2n+2}\). Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds and adhere to the formula \(C_{n}H_{2n}\). Alkynes are the most unsaturated, containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, and have the formula \(C_{n}H_{2n-2}\). The type of bonding significantly influences the chemical properties and reactivity of these hydrocarbons, with alkynes being particularly reactive due to the electron-rich triple bond.

Show More

Want to create maps from your material?

Enter text, upload a photo, or audio to Algor. In a few seconds, Algorino will transform it into a conceptual map, summary, and much more!

Learn with Algor Education flashcards

Click on each Card to learn more about the topic

00

Alkane general formula

CnH2n+2, only single bonds, saturated hydrocarbons.

01

Alkene general formula

CnH2n, one or more double bonds, unsaturated hydrocarbons.

02

Alkyne general formula

CnH2n-2, at least one triple bond, most unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Q&A

Here's a list of frequently asked questions on this topic

Can't find what you were looking for?

Search for a topic by entering a phrase or keyword