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Addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences. It involves dependence, tolerance, and psychological factors, with genetic predispositions and social environments playing significant roles. The text delves into the ICD framework for diagnosing addiction, the genetic and biological underpinnings, the impact of psychological factors, and the influence of social and peer dynamics on addictive behaviors.
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Addiction is a complex condition that is characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences, and it is important to distinguish it from dependence and substance abuse
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) criteria
The ICD outlines specific criteria for diagnosing addiction, including a strong desire to use the substance, difficulty controlling its use, and prioritizing drug use over other activities and obligations
Considerations for applying diagnostic criteria
The diagnostic criteria for addiction should be applied with consideration of the individual's context and history to ensure a comprehensive understanding of their condition
Certain genetic profiles, such as fewer dopamine receptors, can increase an individual's susceptibility to addiction
Family dynamics, exposure to substance use, and stress are all environmental factors that can contribute to an individual's risk of developing addictive behaviors
Mental health disorders, such as PTSD, are associated with a higher risk of substance abuse
Empirical evidence suggests a strong correlation between adverse childhood experiences and subsequent substance use disorders, particularly among individuals with PTSD
Social cognitive theory suggests that individuals, especially youths, are likely to emulate the substance use behaviors observed in their peers
The normalization of substance use within peer groups can increase an individual's risk of developing addiction
Misconceptions about the prevalence of substance use among peers can also contribute to the development of addiction
Tolerance is a hallmark of addiction and refers to a reduced response to a substance following repeated use, often leading to increased consumption to achieve the desired effect
Consequence of addiction
Tolerance can be a consequence of addiction, as individuals may need to increase their dosage to attain the initial euphoria they experienced
Contributor to addiction
Tolerance can also be a contributor to the progression of addiction, as individuals may increase their consumption to maintain the desired effect