The exclusion from primaries meant African Americans were effectively barred from the electoral process, especially since the ______ Party was often the sole option in the South.

The prohibition of ______ primaries was a result of legal challenges, including cases like ______ v. Herndon and ______ v. Allwright.

To fully eliminate ______ primaries and similar discriminatory practices, it required ongoing legal efforts and ______ legislation.

Early 20th century African American voter disenfranchisement

Edgar D. Crumpacker's legislative initiative

Role of the House of Representatives in election result contests

Despite strong opposition from the ______ bloc, Representative ______ pushed for the enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

The push to enforce constitutional amendments faced resistance from not only Southern Democrats but also ______ interests concerned about urban workers' influence.

Ultimately, the efforts by ______ to amend representation did not succeed due to insufficient ______.

NAACP role in voter rights

Impact of Smith v. Allwright

Key legislation from Civil Rights Movement

The ______ Act of 1964 banned segregation and unfair voter registration rules.

The ______ Rights Act of 1965 aimed to eliminate voter suppression tactics like literacy tests.

Federal oversight was implemented in areas with a history of discrimination due to the ______ Rights Act of 1965.

After these acts were passed, there was an increase in voter ______ and political involvement among black Americans.