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The Gilded Age in America, spanning from the 1870s to 1900, was a period of rapid urbanization and economic transformation. Technological advances in agriculture and the Second Industrial Revolution spurred a migration to cities, leading to a population boom fueled by both domestic and international immigration. This era faced challenges such as overcrowding, public health issues, and social tensions, but also saw the rise of political machines and the beginnings of urban reform.
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Technological improvements in agriculture, such as the mechanical reaper and steel plow, led to a decrease in rural labor needs and a migration to cities
Second Industrial Revolution
The Second Industrial Revolution, marked by advancements in manufacturing and production, created a demand for labor in urban areas
Immigration
The influx of immigrants, drawn by economic opportunity and seeking refuge, contributed to the urban population boom
Overcrowding and substandard housing
The rapid urbanization of the Gilded Age led to overcrowding and substandard housing in cities
Public health issues
Inadequate sanitation services and reactive measures to address health concerns resulted in public health crises in urban areas
Social tensions and anti-immigrant sentiment
The arrival of new immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe led to social tensions and anti-immigrant sentiment in urban areas
Political machines, while infamous for their corruption, also provided support to the urban poor in exchange for political loyalty
Political machines played a crucial role in providing jobs, housing, and other forms of assistance to immigrant communities
Despite their corrupt practices, political machines filled a void in social services that were not adequately provided by the government at the time
Municipal governments began to address the needs of their growing populations by improving infrastructure and creating public parks and mass transit systems
The Gilded Age saw innovations in American architecture, such as the skyscraper and suspension bridge
The subsequent Progressive Era saw reformers advocating for the urban poor, resulting in significant policy changes and the development of social welfare programs
00
The term '______ Age' was introduced by ______ ______ to describe the era of rapid economic and social transformation in the United States between the ______s and roughly ______.
Gilded
Mark
Twain
1870
1900
01
During the ______ Industrial Revolution, which occurred in the late 19th century, there was a notable shift in the workforce from rural to urban areas, particularly in cities like ______ ______ ______.
Second
New
York
City
02
Impact of agricultural tech on rural population
Mechanical reaper and steel plow reduced need for manual labor, causing rural depopulation.
