Socialization is a lifelong process where individuals learn societal norms and develop their identities. It begins with primary socialization in the family and continues with secondary socialization through various institutions. Theories by Cooley, Mead, Freud, Erikson, and Piaget, along with perspectives on moral development and gender, offer insights into how socialization shapes personality and social roles.
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Primary socialization occurs in early childhood through adolescence and is influenced by the family, shaping basic social skills and values
Social Institutions
Secondary socialization occurs later in life through encounters with social institutions such as education, work, and peer groups, further shaping one's social self and reinforcing societal norms
The self is a key element of socialization, influenced by concepts such as the 'looking-glass self' and the 'I' and 'me' stages of self-development
Theories from Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Jean Piaget offer insights into socialization from a psychological perspective, examining the role of innate drives, conflicts, and cognitive development
Functionalism
The functionalist perspective sees socialization as a means to maintain social order and cohesion through the transmission of culture and values
Conflict Theories
Conflict theories, such as Marxism and feminism, critique socialization as a means of perpetuating social inequalities and maintaining power dynamics within society
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The process of ______ starts at ______ and impacts one's behaviors and attitudes to align with ______ norms.
socialization
birth
societal
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Primary socialization period
Early childhood to adolescence; family imparts basic skills and values.
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Role of family in primary socialization
Teaches fundamental social skills and values for interaction.
