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The French Revolution and its Cycles of Violence

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The French Revolution's cycle of violence, from the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre to the reactionary White Terror, showcases the era's ideological conflicts. The Thermidorian Reaction ended the Reign of Terror, leading to the White Terror where royalists and moderates targeted Jacobins. This period included the Vendémiaire Uprising and the Second White Terror after Napoleon's fall, reflecting the tumultuous journey towards a new political order.

The French Revolution's Cycle of Violence: From the Reign of Terror to the White Terror

The French Revolution, a transformative period of social and political change, was characterized by a cycle of violence that included the Reign of Terror and the subsequent White Terror. The Reign of Terror, orchestrated by the Committee of Public Safety under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre, was a period during which the revolutionary government executed thousands of people deemed enemies of the Revolution. Following this, the White Terror was a reactionary phase where royalists and moderates sought retribution against those associated with the Reign of Terror, particularly targeting Jacobins and their supporters. This cycle of violence reflected the intense ideological conflicts and instability of the era.
Guillotine poised for execution against a somber Parisian backdrop, reflecting the French Revolution's grim atmosphere, with a gathered crowd in period attire.

The Thermidorian Reaction and the Onset of the White Terror

The Thermidorian Reaction, which occurred on 9 Thermidor Year II (27 July 1794), resulted in the arrest and execution of Robespierre and his allies, effectively ending the Reign of Terror. The subsequent period, known as the White Terror, saw a reversal of the previous radical policies as the new government, dominated by the Thermidorians, sought to restore order. During this time, many Jacobins and perceived revolutionaries were targeted, leading to a series of retributive acts that included lynchings and legal executions. The White Terror was less centralized than the Reign of Terror, with much of the violence being carried out by local groups across France.

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00

After the ______ of ______, the ______ Terror emerged as a counter-reaction, with royalists punishing those linked to the previous violence.

Reign

Terror

White

01

Outcome of Thermidorian Reaction for Robespierre

Robespierre arrested, executed; Reign of Terror ended.

02

Characteristics of White Terror

Decentralized retribution; targeted Jacobins, revolutionaries; involved lynchings, legal executions.

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