Diverse Ideologies

The 19th century in Europe saw the emergence of conservatism, liberalism, socialism, anarchism, nihilism, and social Darwinism as diverse ideologies

Consolidation and Challenge of Traditional Power Structures

Influence of French Revolution and Spread of Liberal and Nationalist Ideas

The French Revolution and the spread of liberal and nationalist ideas led to the consolidation and challenge of traditional power structures in 19th century Europe

Emphasis on Tradition, Social Hierarchy, and Continuity of Established Institutions

The conservative ideology emphasized the importance of tradition, social hierarchy, and the continuity of established institutions in response to the changes brought about by the French Revolution

Emergence of Different Ideologies

The 19th century saw the rise of conservatism, liberalism, socialism, anarchism, nihilism, and social Darwinism as different ideologies with unique visions for society and governance

Upholding Monarchy and Aristocracy

Conservatives in the 19th century sought to uphold the monarchy and aristocracy as traditional power structures

Balance between Authority and Liberty

Figures like Edmund Burke and Klemens von Metternich advocated for a balance between authority and liberty to maintain social order and stability

Reaction to French Revolution and Spread of Liberal and Nationalist Ideas

Conservatism in the 19th century was a reaction to the changes brought about by the French Revolution and the spread of liberal and nationalist ideas

Promotion of Civil Liberties and Rule of Law

Liberals in the 19th century promoted civil liberties and the rule of law as key principles of their ideology

Limiting Powers of Monarchs and Protecting Individual Rights

Liberals sought to limit the powers of monarchs through constitutional means and protect the rights of individuals from arbitrary rule

Expansion of Suffrage, Freedom of the Press, and Separation of Church and State

The liberal agenda in the 19th century included expanding suffrage, freedom of the press, and the separation of church and state

Criticism of Exploitation of Working Class

Socialists in the 19th century criticized the exploitation of the working class and called for collective ownership of the means of production

Distribution of Wealth and Classless Society

Socialists argued for a more equitable distribution of wealth and envisioned a classless society free from capitalist exploitation

Influence of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

The writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, particularly the "Communist Manifesto," provided a theoretical framework for socialist movements in the 19th century