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The Carboxyl Group: Structure and Function

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The carboxyl group, with its structure of a carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group, is fundamental in organic chemistry. It imparts acidity, polarity, and reactivity to molecules like amino acids and is pivotal in drug design, affecting solubility and bioavailability. Its presence in biological systems and synthetic materials like plastics and pharmaceuticals underscores its importance.

The Structure and Function of the Carboxyl Group in Organic Chemistry

The carboxyl group, represented as -COOH, is a vital functional group in organic chemistry, comprising a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (carbonyl) and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH). This specific arrangement confers the carboxyl group with its characteristic reactivity, making it a crucial component in a multitude of chemical reactions. Molecules containing the carboxyl group, such as acetic acid and amino acids, exhibit unique properties like increased polarity and reactivity, which are fundamental to their roles in biological systems and various industrial processes.
Glass vial on laboratory bench with amber liquid and dropper, white crystals on weighing paper, blurred background with reagent bottles.

Historical Perspective and Importance of the Carboxyl Group

The nomenclature "carboxyl" is derived from "carbonyl" and "hydroxyl," indicative of its structural components. Identified in the late 19th century, the carboxyl group's significance was quickly recognized due to its prevalence in organic acids and amino acids, highlighting its pivotal role in organic chemistry and biochemistry. The carboxyl group is essential for the structure and function of numerous biological molecules, and its comprehensive understanding is indispensable for chemistry students.

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00

Molecules with a ______ group, like acetic acid and amino acids, display unique characteristics crucial for biological systems and industrial applications.

carboxyl

01

Origin of 'carboxyl' name

Derived from 'carbonyl' and 'hydroxyl', reflecting its structural makeup.

02

Carboxyl group's role in organic molecules

Fundamental in organic acids and amino acids, crucial for structure and function.

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