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The formation of Kievan Rus in the 9th century laid the groundwork for Russian history, with key events like the adoption of Eastern Orthodox Christianity and the Mongol invasion shaping its development. The Grand Duchy of Moscow's rise, territorial expansions under Ivan IV, and the establishment of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great are pivotal. The empire's eventual downfall in the 20th century led to the creation of the Soviet Union, leaving a profound legacy on the region's geopolitical landscape.
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The medieval polity of Kievan Rus, founded by the Varangian prince Rurik, played a crucial role in shaping the future Eastern Slavic states
The Mongol yoke
The nearly two and a half centuries of Mongol dominance had a profound impact on the political and cultural evolution of the region
Rise of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow, under the leadership of Ivan I and his successors, began to rise as a powerful state despite the Mongol dominance
The reign of Ivan III saw the centralization of power and the annexation of surrounding Russian principalities, laying the foundation for the future Russian Empire
The victory in the Great Northern War under Peter the Great marked the emergence of Russia as a European power and the expansion of its territory
Annexation of Crimea
Catherine the Great's annexation of Crimea expanded the Russian Empire's territory and influence in the Black Sea region
Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under Catherine the Great further expanded the Russian Empire's territory and power
The Cossack adventurer Yermak Timofeyevich led the exploration and annexation of Siberia, significantly extending Russia's territory to the east
The Russo-Japanese War and World War I led to internal discontent and contributed to the decline of the Russian Empire
The 1917 Russian Revolution and subsequent civil war resulted in the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty and the end of the Russian Empire
The formation of the Soviet Union under Vladimir Lenin saw the reintegration of many former imperial domains into a new socialist state