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Perceptual set in psychology is the focus of this content, exploring how our attention and perception are directed by past knowledge, cultural influences, motivation, and emotions. It delves into the subjective nature of perception, the role of top-down processing, and the impact of expectations on how we interpret sensory stimuli. Empirical evidence from various studies supports the theory, highlighting its significance in understanding human perception.
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Perceptual set is a psychological concept that explains how individuals selectively interpret sensory input based on their mental predispositions
Cognitive structures
Schemas are cognitive structures that organize past knowledge and experiences, influencing the interpretation of new information
Influenced by various factors
Schemas can be influenced by cultural norms, social expectations, and personal experiences, guiding attention and perception
The concept of perceptual set highlights how individuals can interpret the same stimulus differently based on their mental predispositions
Top-down processing is a cognitive approach where the brain uses existing knowledge and expectations to make sense of incoming sensory data
Top-down processing differs from bottom-up processing, which relies solely on raw sensory input to build perception
The ability to comprehend text with missing vowels and the influence of prior experiences on perception are examples of top-down processing
Cultural norms, values, and practices can shape schemas and influence the interpretation of sensory information
Motivation
Motivation can alter perception to align with desires and goals
Emotion
Emotions can influence judgments and evaluations, affecting perception
Expectations, formed through past experiences and knowledge, can direct attention and lead to confirmation bias
Studies, such as Hudson's on depth perception, have shown how cultural upbringing can influence the interpretation of visual cues
Research, such as Gilchrist and Nesberg's, has demonstrated how motivation can alter perception
Studies, such as Riener and colleagues', have shown how mood can affect the perception of physical tasks
Bruner and Minturn's experiment illustrated how expectations can influence the perception of ambiguous figures
00
Schemas, which are cognitive frameworks for organizing ______ knowledge, influence how new information is interpreted.
past
01
Define perceptual set.
A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another, shaped by experience, knowledge, and expectations.
02
Role of top-down processing in text comprehension.
Utilizes prior language knowledge and context to fill in missing information, like vowels in a text.
