Social movements are organized efforts to promote or resist societal change, often driven by a sense of injustice. They can be proactive or reactionary, with diverse strategies like peaceful protests and advocacy campaigns. Movements like the civil rights and feminist movements have had significant impacts on laws and norms, operating at local to global levels. They evolve through stages from emergence to potential decline, analyzed through various theoretical frameworks.
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Social movements are groups of people who work together to bring about change in society
Grassroots nature
Social movements often start at the local level and are driven by the passion of their participants
Mobilization of individuals around shared concerns
Social movements have the power to bring people together to advocate for change
Social movements play a crucial role in driving social change and shaping laws, norms, and cultural dynamics
Social movements can either advocate for new social norms or oppose changes to the status quo
Peaceful protests
Social movements often use peaceful protests to raise awareness and advocate for change
Civil disobedience
Some social movements may use civil disobedience as a form of nonviolent resistance
Advocacy campaigns
Social movements may also use advocacy campaigns to raise awareness and push for change
Social movements often arise when established institutions fail to address emerging needs
Social movements such as the civil rights movement, feminist movement, and environmental activism have had significant impacts on society
Social movements can operate at various levels, from local community-based efforts to international campaigns
Reform movements
Reform movements seek to modify specific laws or policies without transforming the entire social structure
Revolutionary movements
Revolutionary movements aim for a radical reorganization of society
Religious or spiritual movements
Religious or spiritual movements focus on personal and communal spiritual renewal
Alternative movements
Alternative movements promote lifestyle changes at the individual level
Resistance movements
Resistance movements work to prevent or undo changes, often defending traditional values
Social movements typically follow a series of stages, from the emergence of collective discontent to potential decline or revival
Resource mobilization theory
Resource mobilization theory emphasizes the importance of resources and strategic planning in the success of a movement
Framing theory
Framing theory examines how movements construct narratives to identify issues, suggest solutions, and motivate participation
New social movement theory
New social movement theory focuses on the cultural, identity, and political dimensions of movements in contemporary society
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The role of collective action in social movements is to advocate for ______ and ______.
equity
reform
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Proactive vs. Reactionary Movements
Proactive movements advocate for new norms; reactionary movements resist changes to status quo.
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Civil Rights Movement: Proactive or Reactionary?
Proactive; aimed to dismantle racial segregation.
