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Existentialism: The Philosophy of Individualism and Meaning

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Exploring existentialism, a philosophy emphasizing individual meaning-making in an indifferent world, shaped by thinkers like Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Sartre, de Beauvoir, and Camus. It critiques rationalism and positivism, influenced literature and theater, and differs from nihilism by advocating for personal significance.

Exploring the Core Principles of Existentialism

Existentialism is a philosophical doctrine that arose in the 19th and 20th centuries, focusing on the individual's quest for self-definition and meaning in a world that lacks inherent purpose. Central to existentialist thought is the idea that "existence precedes essence," which posits that individuals are not born with a given essence or purpose but must shape their own identities through actions and choices. Existentialism emphasizes personal authenticity and the subjective experience of the individual, acknowledging the anxiety and existential dread that accompany the freedom and responsibility of making meaningful choices in an indifferent universe.
Cozy café interior with a contemplative person at a table, pen in hand, blank notebook, amidst empty chairs and picture frames, barista in background.

The Emergence of Existentialism in Historical Context

Existentialism emerged as a critique of the dominant philosophical paradigms of the time, such as positivism and rationalism, which claimed that knowledge and truth could be ascertained through empirical evidence and logical reasoning. The devastation and moral ambiguity brought about by the World Wars profoundly impacted European society, leading to what has been termed the "Age of Anxiety." This era of doubt and uncertainty provided a fertile environment for existentialist philosophy to flourish, offering an alternative perspective on human existence amidst the chaos and disillusionment of the post-war period.

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00

A key principle of existentialism is that '______ precedes ______,' suggesting people must define themselves through their actions.

existence

essence

01

Existentialism vs. Positivism & Rationalism

Existentialism challenged positivism and rationalism, which relied on empirical evidence and logic for truth.

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Existentialism's Core Perspective

Existentialism focuses on individual existence, freedom, and choice as fundamental to human condition.

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