The Goryeo Dynasty, established by Wang Geon in 918, unified Korea and fostered significant cultural and religious growth. It saw the rise of Buddhism as a state-favored religion, the creation of the Goryeo Tripitaka, and advancements in ceramics with Goryeo Celadon. Despite its cultural zenith, the dynasty fell to the Joseon Dynasty after Mongol invasions and internal strife.
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Wang Geon founded the Goryeo Dynasty in 918 by deposing the ruler of Later Goguryeo
Conclusion of the Later Three Kingdoms Period
Wang Geon's military campaigns led to the unification of the Korean peninsula by 935, ending the Later Three Kingdoms period
The unification of the Korean peninsula laid the groundwork for a unified Korean identity
The Goryeo Dynasty's formative years were marked by sweeping political reforms aimed at consolidating the monarchy's authority
Civil Service Examinations
Gwangjong instituted civil service examinations to recruit capable officials and undermine the power of regional aristocrats
Establishment of the Gukjagam
The establishment of the Gukjagam, Korea's first national Confucian academy, centralized education and strengthened the central government
Although Confucianism was the state's official ideology, Buddhism received extensive patronage and became a state-favored religion
The dynasty's support facilitated the construction of grand Buddhist temples and monasteries, which were granted tax exemptions and royal support
Advances in printing technology, including woodblock printing and movable metal type, were predominantly used for the propagation of Buddhist scriptures
Korean artisans refined and enhanced techniques from the Chinese Song Dynasty to produce Goryeo Celadon, a unique type of celadon with a distinctive jade-green glaze
The use of iron-rich clay and meticulous kiln control contributed to the characteristic color of Goryeo Celadon
The inlay technique, sanggam, involved etching intricate patterns and filling them with contrasting colored slip, creating exquisite works of art often adorned with Buddhist and nature-inspired motifs
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The term 'Korea' originates from the name ______, which was given by Wang Geon, also known as ______.
Goryeo
Taejo
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Goryeo political reforms initiator
Taejo, the founder of Goryeo, initiated sweeping political reforms.
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Gwangjong's strategy to reduce Hojok power
Implemented civil service exams, weakening Hojok hereditary privileges.
