The Role of RNA Splicing in Gene Expression
RNA splicing is a vital process in eukaryotic gene expression, involving the removal of introns and joining of exons to form mature mRNA. This process is facilitated by the spliceosome, a complex of snRNPs and proteins. Alternative splicing allows for multiple protein variants from a single gene, adding to proteomic complexity. Splicing defects can lead to genetic disorders, highlighting the importance of accurate RNA processing.
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1
RNA splicing involves removing ______ called introns and joining ______ known as exons.
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2
The ______ is responsible for RNA splicing and consists of snRNPs and other proteins.
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3
RNA splicing typically occurs in the ______ of a cell.
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4
Certain RNA molecules can self-splice, functioning as ______ without needing the spliceosome.
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5
Initiation of splicing process
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6
Key sequences in splicing
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7
Spliceosome function
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8
The ______ is a complex that plays a key role in the splicing of pre-mRNA into mRNA.
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9
The ______ spliceosome is tasked with removing a specific group of unusual introns and uses different snRNPs.
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10
Both the major and minor spliceosomes must function precisely to ensure accurate conversion of pre-mRNA into ______.
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11
RNA splicing variation across organisms
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Eukaryotes have complex splicing for protein-coding/non-coding RNAs; prokaryotes lack spliceosomal system.
12
Evolutionary origins of splicing: intron-early hypothesis
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Intron-early suggests introns/splicing present in last universal common ancestor.
13
Evolutionary origins of splicing: intron-late hypothesis
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Intron-late posits introns emerged later in eukaryotic evolution, not in common ancestor.
14
In the first step of splicing, the branch point ______ initiates the process by attacking the ______ splice site.
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adenine 5'
15
During the second phase of splicing, the ______ exon's free 3'OH group attacks the ______ splice site, resulting in the release of the lariat intron.
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16
Self-splicing introns that do not require additional proteins for excision are grouped into ______ distinct categories.
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17
Groups I and II introns share similar excision mechanisms to the ______ but operate autonomously.
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18
Mechanism of alternative splicing
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19
Regulation of alternative splicing
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20
Prevalence of alternative splicing in humans
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21
The cell employs mechanisms such as ______ to counteract certain splicing mistakes.
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22
Despite cellular defense mechanisms, many diseases related to ______ still manifest.
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23
Individual differences in splicing patterns may affect ______ and human proteome variability.
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