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VSEPR theory explains molecular structures by considering the repulsion between electron pairs in an atom's valence shell. It predicts shapes from linear to octahedral based on electron domains, with lone pairs influencing bond angles and geometry. Examples like H2O, NH3, CO2, BCl3, CH4, PF5, and SF6 showcase its application in determining molecular configurations.
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VSEPR theory was initially conceptualized by Sidgwick and Powell in 1940 and further developed by Gillespie and Nyholm in 1957
VSEPR theory is based on the principle that electron pairs, whether involved in chemical bonds or as non-bonding lone pairs, repel one another
VSEPR theory aids in predicting and understanding the three-dimensional configurations of molecules, which is crucial for understanding their chemical behavior and properties
Lewis structures visually represent the valence electrons in a molecule and are instrumental in applying VSEPR theory
The number and arrangement of electron domains around a central atom determine the electron domain geometry, which influences the overall shape of a molecule
Lone pairs exert a greater repulsive force than bonded pairs, altering bond angles and molecular shapes
VSEPR theory classifies molecular shapes based on the number of electron domains around a central atom, resulting in linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral geometries
Lone pairs can significantly alter the expected geometry of a molecule, as seen in examples such as water and ammonia
VSEPR theory has practical applications in predicting and explaining the three-dimensional structures and behaviors of molecules, as seen in examples such as carbon dioxide, boron trichloride, methane, phosphorus pentafluoride, and sulfur hexafluoride
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VSEPR Theory: Electron Pair Repulsion Effect
Electron pairs in atom's valence shell repel each other, influencing molecule's 3D shape.
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VSEPR Theory: Bonding vs. Non-bonding Pairs
Both bonding electron pairs and non-bonding lone pairs contribute to repulsion, affecting geometry.
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VSEPR Theory: Determining Molecular Shape
Molecular geometry is determined by minimizing repulsion between all electron pairs in valence shell.
