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Total War is a military strategy involving the full mobilization of a nation's resources, blurring the line between soldiers and civilians. It represents a shift from traditional warfare to a more encompassing approach, utilizing human, industrial, and technological capacities. Examples include World Wars, with tactics like strategic bombings and the use of atomic weapons, reflecting the intense and far-reaching impacts of Total War on society and global politics.
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Total War involves the full utilization of human, industrial, agricultural, and technological capacities for complete victory over the enemy
Involvement of entire society
Total War blurs the lines between soldiers and civilians, with the entire society being involved in the war effort
Flouting of established rules of war
The concept of Total War often leads to the disregard of traditional rules of war
The First and Second World Wars exemplify Total War with their widespread conscription, civilian participation in war production, and disregard for international humanitarian law
Conventional warfare is characterized by battles between professional armies, limited objectives, and minimal civilian involvement
Multiple fronts and involvement of entire population
Total War can take place on multiple fronts, including the home front, and involves the entire population
Little regard for traditional rules of engagement
Total War often disregards traditional rules of engagement
Technological advancements have expanded the scope and intensity of Total War, leading to the use of weapons of mass destruction
World War II saw nations channeling all possible resources into the conflict
War production and resistance efforts
Civilians were involved in war production and support in resistance efforts during World War II
Strategic bombing campaigns
The strategic bombing campaigns in World War II targeted both military and civilian infrastructure
Nazi Germany's war strategy was emblematic of Total War, with the mobilization of the German populace and conversion of the economy for military production
Economic toll
The war economy led to consumer goods shortages and a deterioration in living standards in Germany
Societal impact
World War II had a significant societal impact, including an increase in women's labor force participation and widespread psychological trauma
The Total War strategies of World War II had enduring global consequences, including turning points in the war, economic devastation, and political and social shifts