Alan Baddeley's research in cognitive psychology has significantly advanced our understanding of memory encoding. His 1966 study differentiated between short-term and long-term memory, revealing that STM is primarily phonologically encoded, while LTM is semantically encoded. These findings have influenced educational methods and the development of the Working Memory Model, showcasing the distinct strategies our brains use to process and retain information.
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LTM is a comprehensive repository that retains information for extended periods
STM is a temporary workspace for immediate processing and manipulation of information
LTM serves as a repository for personal experiences and learned facts, while STM acts as a temporary workspace for immediate processing
Encoding is the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory
Semantic encoding is based on meaning
Phonological encoding is based on sound patterns
Baddeley's study employed a controlled and standardized procedure to ensure high reliability
The study found that phonologically similar words were more difficult to recall in STM, while semantically similar words were more challenging to recall in LTM
The study's findings have practical applications in educational techniques and study habits, and have shaped our understanding of memory processes
The study's participant pool consisted predominantly of British students, raising concerns about the generalizability of the findings
While sufficient for the experimental design, the sample size may not fully represent the general population
The laboratory setting of the study may limit its ecological validity, as the memory tasks may not accurately reflect everyday memory usage
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Long-term memory (LTM) serves as a vast ______, while short-term memory (STM) is like a temporary ______ for immediate use.
repository
workspace
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Baddeley's 1966 study: Encoding types?
Explored semantic and phonological encoding in LTM.
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Baddeley's study: Participants and groups?
72 participants, divided into 4 groups for word list recall.
