Alkali metals, including lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium, are Group 1 elements known for their single valence electron and high reactivity. They exhibit distinctive physical properties such as softness, luster, and low density, and react vigorously with water, halogens, and oxygen. The reactivity increases down the group, with heavier metals being more reactive.
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Alkali metals are a group of elements with a single valence electron in their outermost shell, making them highly reactive
Malleability and Luster
Alkali metals are highly malleable and have a shiny surface that tarnishes rapidly in air
Density and Melting/Boiling Points
Alkali metals have low densities and melting/boiling points that decrease down the group
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
Alkali metals are excellent conductors of heat and electricity
Reactivity with Water
Alkali metals react with water to produce hydrogen gas and a basic solution of the corresponding hydroxide
Reactivity with Halogens
Alkali metals form ionic compounds with halogens, such as metal chlorides, which dissolve in water to yield colorless solutions
Reactivity with Oxygen
Alkali metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides, which are typically white in color
As you move down group 1, the melting and boiling points decrease, while the density increases
The reactivity of alkali metals increases down the group, as the outer electron becomes increasingly easier to remove
Lithium, sodium, and potassium are commonly encountered in educational settings due to their lower reactivity compared to the heavier alkali metals
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The ______ metals, found in group 1 of the periodic table, include elements like lithium, sodium, and potassium.
alkali
01
When alkali metals come into contact with water, they generate ______ gas and a basic solution of the metal hydroxide.
hydrogen
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Alkali metals malleability
Alkali metals are extremely malleable, can be cut with a knife.
