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Zero-order reaction kinetics are characterized by a constant reaction rate, unaffected by the concentration of reactants. This occurs in scenarios like catalyst saturation or when one reactant is in excess, maintaining a steady rate. The kinetics are described by a linear equation, and the half-life depends on the initial concentration and rate constant. Real-world examples include catalytic gas decomposition and enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
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Zero-order reactions are a class of chemical reactions with a constant rate that is independent of reactant concentration
First-Order Reactions
In contrast to first-order reactions, the rate of a zero-order reaction is not proportional to the concentration of the reactants
Second-Order Reactions
Unlike second-order reactions, the rate of a zero-order reaction is not dependent on the concentration of two or more reactants
Zero-order kinetics occur when the reaction is limited by factors other than reactant concentration, such as surface saturation or excess reactants
The decomposition of nitrous oxide on heated platinum is an example of a zero-order reaction due to the limited number of active sites on the platinum surface
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions often exhibit zero-order kinetics at high substrate concentrations when the enzyme active sites are saturated
In reactions with a solvent in large excess, such as water in aqueous reactions, the solvent concentration remains constant, leading to zero-order kinetics
The concentration of a reactant in a zero-order reaction is described by the equation [A] = -kt + [A]0, where [A] is the concentration at time t, [A]0 is the initial concentration, and k is the zero-order rate constant
When plotting the concentration of a reactant against time, a straight line with a negative slope equal to the rate constant is obtained for a zero-order reaction
The half-life of a reactant in a zero-order reaction is given by the equation t1/2 = [A]0/2k, where t1/2 is the time required for the concentration to decrease by half, [A]0 is the initial concentration, and k is the rate constant
00
The reaction rate in zero-order kinetics is determined solely by the ______ constant.
rate
01
Zero-order kinetics: reaction rate dependency
Reaction rate is constant; does not depend on reactant concentration.
02
Zero-order kinetics: catalysis scenario
Occurs when enzyme active sites are saturated with substrate.
