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Understanding genotypes is key to grasping the genetic blueprint of organisms. Genotypes, composed of alleles, determine hereditary traits and influence the observable characteristics known as phenotypes. The interaction between genotypes and the environment can affect traits like plant flower color or human height. Examples include pea plant flower colors studied by Mendel and the role of SNPs in genetic variation. Penetrance further explains the variability in trait expression.
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Alleles are different forms of a gene found at the same place on a chromosome that contribute to an organism's genetic diversity
Homozygous and Heterozygous
Organisms can be diploid, with two alleles at each genetic locus, which can be the same (homozygous) or different (heterozygous)
Genetic Diversity
The presence of different alleles in an organism's genotype contributes to its genetic diversity
The genotype is a critical factor in the study of genetics as it influences the potential for certain traits to be passed on to offspring
While some traits are directly determined by the genotype, others are the result of the interaction between the genotype and environmental factors
The interaction between genotype and environmental factors highlights the complexity of predicting phenotypes based solely on genotypic information
The relationship between genotype and phenotype can be exemplified by the flower color in pea plants, where different genotypes can lead to the same phenotype
The concept of genotype was first defined by Danish botanist Wilhelm Johannsen in 1903 to distinguish between an organism's genetic makeup and its physical traits
The distinction between genotype and phenotype is crucial in genetics for understanding the inheritance and expression of traits
While the genotype provides the genetic potential, the phenotype may vary depending on environmental influences and other factors
SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation among people and can act as biological markers for locating genes associated with disease
While most SNPs have no effect on health or development, some can be very important in a person's health
Penetrance is a term used in genetics to describe the extent to which a particular genotype is expressed in the phenotype of an organism, and it can be affected by various factors such as the environment and chance
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Definition of alleles
Different forms of a gene at the same chromosome location, arising by mutation.
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Meaning of diploid organism
Organism with two alleles at each genetic locus, one from each parent, like humans.
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Homozygous vs Heterozygous alleles
Homozygous: same alleles at a locus. Heterozygous: different alleles, increasing genetic diversity.
