This overview delves into the fundamentals of human memory, including its types—sensory, short-term, working, and long-term memory. It discusses the characteristics of short-term memory, such as its limited capacity and reliance on acoustic encoding, and the extensive capacity of long-term memory, which is organized into networks of associations. The text also highlights methods and tools used in psychology to assess memory functions and diagnose impairments, like the Wechsler Memory Scale.
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Sensory memory briefly stores information received through the senses
Capacity of STM
STM has a limited capacity of about 7 items, but this can be increased through chunking
Encoding in STM
STM predominantly relies on acoustic encoding, which can cause confusion with similar-sounding information
Maintenance of STM
Without active maintenance, STM contents are quickly lost within 20 to 30 seconds
Capacity of LTM
LTM has a potentially limitless capacity to store information
Encoding in LTM
LTM primarily focuses on the meaning of information through semantic encoding
Retention in LTM
The persistence of LTM is influenced by factors such as the strength of encoding, frequency of retrieval, and interference from other memories
Encoding is the process of converting sensory input into a form that the brain can process
Storage involves maintaining information over time
Retrieval is the ability to access stored information when needed
Researchers use various methods such as recall tests, recognition tasks, and priming experiments to assess memory
Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)
The WMS evaluates multiple aspects of memory, including visual, auditory, and immediate recall
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
The WISC measures working memory through its components
Other Tests
Tests such as TOMAL and BAS provide insights into verbal and non-verbal memory abilities, as well as delayed recall
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The process of ______ involves converting sensory input into a form the brain can use, and ______ is accessing this information when needed.
encoding
retrieval
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Characteristics of sensory memory
Acts as a buffer for stimuli, very brief duration
02
Capacity and duration of STM
Holds limited info, short period retention
