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The Sand Creek Massacre of 1864 was a brutal attack on Cheyenne and Arapaho camps by a Colorado militia, leading to the death of around 150-200 Native Americans. This tragic event, involving figures like Colonel John M. Chivington and Governor John Evans, exemplifies the violent conflicts during the westward expansion and has had a lasting impact on US-Native American relations, influencing historical perspectives and treaty negotiations.
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The 1851 treaty intended to establish peaceful relations and territories for Native American tribes, but was largely ineffective
Colorado War
The conflicts between the US and Native American tribes from 1863 to 1865 intensified tensions and set the stage for the massacre
The imposition of European American values and customs, along with the struggle for resources, exacerbated tensions between settlers and Native Americans
Colonel Chivington's militia executed a surprise attack on Chief Black Kettle's peaceful encampment, resulting in the deaths of approximately 150-200 Native Americans
Genocide and Massacre
The true nature of the event was eventually exposed, revealing the unprovoked violence and leading to widespread condemnation
Contested land claims, violated treaties, cultural misunderstandings, and resource competition all played a role in the Sand Creek Massacre
The US government's failure to enforce treaties and the military's engagement in conflicts with Native American tribes contributed to the volatile environment leading to the massacre
The government's policies, influenced by the doctrine of Manifest Destiny, played a role in the displacement and oppression of Native American communities
Governor John Evans
Governor Evans faced criticism for his handling of the escalating conflict and his role in the events leading to the massacre
Colonel John M. Chivington
Colonel Chivington, who ordered the attack, was later denounced for his actions and his legacy was tarnished
Rising tensions and Governor Evans's attempts to mitigate the conflict preceded the massacre
After the massacre, investigations denounced Chivington's actions and the conduct of his troops
The breach of trust resulting from the massacre had lasting impacts on relations between the US and Native American tribes, influencing subsequent treaty negotiations
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During the westward expansion of the U.S., the attack at ______ led to the deaths of many Native Americans, mainly ______, ______, and ______.
Sand Creek
women
children
the elderly
01
Treaty of Fort Laramie purpose
Establish peaceful relations and territories for Native tribes.
02
Pikes Peak Gold Rush impact
Brought settlers to Colorado, escalating land and resource competition.
