The Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989) was a major Cold War conflict, marked by the Soviet invasion, mujahidin resistance, and significant global repercussions. The war began with the Soviet Union's attempt to support the Afghan communist regime and counter potential American influence. Fierce resistance by the mujahidin, aided by US-supplied weapons, led to a costly and protracted struggle. The withdrawal of Soviet forces in 1989 left Afghanistan in turmoil, contributing to the USSR's eventual collapse and reshaping 20th-century geopolitics.
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The deposition of King Mohammed Zahir Shah, the Saur Revolution, and factional strife within the PDPA led to instability in Afghanistan
Brezhnev Doctrine
The Brezhnev Doctrine, which advocated for the protection of socialism within its sphere of influence, motivated the Soviet Union to intervene in Afghanistan
Soviet-Afghan Friendship Treaty
The Soviet-Afghan Friendship Treaty of 1978 served as a pretext for the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Afghanistan's historical role as a buffer state and area of competition during the Cold War made it a key target for Soviet intervention
The Soviet military quickly occupied major cities, including the capital, Kabul, at the beginning of the war
Guerrilla Tactics
The mujahidin utilized guerrilla tactics, such as ambushes and evasion, to resist Soviet occupation
US Support for Mujahidin
The United States provided significant aid to the mujahidin, including anti-aircraft missiles, to undermine Soviet influence
The war lasted for a decade and resulted in a high human toll, with casualties on all sides
Under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union began withdrawing troops in 1988, completing the process in 1989
The war left Afghanistan in a state of devastation and ongoing turmoil, leading to future conflicts and international intervention
The Soviet-Afghan War contributed to the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union and reshaped the geopolitical landscape of the late 20th century
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Date and nature of Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
December 24, 1979 - Soviet military intervention initiates a decade-long conflict.
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Brezhnev Doctrine's role in the invasion
Justified Soviet intervention to protect socialism in its sphere of influence.
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Soviet-Afghan Friendship Treaty of 1978 significance
Provided legal pretext for Soviet military support and subsequent invasion.
