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The evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) spans from ancient logic and mathematics to modern deep learning techniques. Key moments include Alan Turing's theory of computation, the Dartmouth Conference, the AI winters, and the rise of neural networks. The text also delves into the ethical and philosophical questions surrounding AI, such as machine consciousness and the societal impact of AI's advancement.
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Philosophers and mathematicians have long been intrigued by the possibility of mechanical reasoning
Machines Emulating Formal Reasoning
Alan Turing's theory suggested that machines could emulate any process of formal reasoning using binary code
Notable early contributions include the artificial neuron model and the Turing test
The term "Artificial Intelligence" was first coined at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956
Programs Capable of Playing Checkers and Solving Algebraic Problems
Researchers developed programs capable of playing checkers, solving algebraic problems, and processing natural language
Creation of Dedicated AI Research Centers
The early successes led to the creation of dedicated AI research centers at leading universities
The field experienced a setback in the 1970s due to exaggerated expectations and reduced funding
The 1980s saw a revival of interest in AI, largely due to the commercial viability of expert systems
The market crash of the Lisp Machine in 1987 precipitated a second AI winter
In the 1980s, a paradigm shift occurred as some researchers began to explore "sub-symbolic" methods for AI
By the late 1990s, AI research focused on specialized applications and adopted rigorous mathematical techniques
The field of AI was transformed in 2012 with the advent of deep learning
Deep learning's success was supported by advancements in computational power and the availability of large datasets
AI technologies became increasingly integrated into various sectors, often without explicit recognition as AI
AI research confronts a multitude of challenges and philosophical questions, including debates over the limitations of symbolic AI and the choice between developing narrow AI or pursuing general intelligence
00
A significant event in AI development was ______'s creation of the ______ theory in the ______ century.
Alan Turing
computation
20th
01
The ______ test, proposed in a 1950 paper by ______, is a measure for determining ______.
Turing
Turing
machine intelligence
02
Term 'Artificial Intelligence' origin
Coined at 1956 Dartmouth Conference, marking AI field's inception.
