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Exploring the evolution of communism in Europe, this overview begins with its ideological roots in the 19th century, sparked by Karl Marx's vision of a classless society. It examines the Russian Revolution's impact, the spread of communism in post-war Eastern Europe, and the eventual decline leading to the fall of communist regimes by 1991. The text also discusses the challenges faced during the post-communist transformation, including the integration of former Soviet states into European institutions.
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Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels critiqued the capitalist system and advocated for a classless society
Role of Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party
Lenin adapted Marxist theory and implemented policies to create a socialist state in Russia
The Soviet Union extended its influence and established communist regimes in several countries through military and political tactics
Communist states in Eastern Europe had centralized economies and followed Soviet-style five-year plans
Political power was held by the communist party in Eastern European countries
Despite nominal independence, Eastern European countries were subject to significant Soviet influence and suppression of reform movements
Communist parties gained support in France and Italy after World War II, but declined due to US policies and the Cold War
Communist states in Eastern Europe faced economic stagnation and growing public dissatisfaction
The policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, along with reformist movements such as Solidarity in Poland, led to the fall of communist governments in Eastern Europe
The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe marked the end of the Cold War
The dissolution of the Soviet Union and the emergence of independent states presented challenges in establishing democratic institutions and market economies
The integration of former communist countries into European and transatlantic institutions had a significant impact on the continent's political and economic landscape
00
In the ______ century, ______ and ______ arose in Europe as reactions to the disparities caused by industrial capitalism.
19th
socialism
communism
01
Leader of the 1917 Russian Revolution
Vladimir Lenin led the Bolshevik Party to overthrow the provisional government.
02
Economic changes post-1917 Revolution
The Bolsheviks established a planned economy, nationalized industries, and collectivized agriculture.
