Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, leading to stable molecules with noble gas configurations. This text explores their presence in everyday substances, biological molecules, and macromolecules, highlighting the importance of Lewis dot structures in understanding molecular geometry and electron distribution. From simple diatomic gases like nitrogen and oxygen to complex carbon allotropes like graphite and diamond, covalent bonding is essential for the diverse forms of matter.
Show More
Covalent bonds are a type of chemical bond characterized by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
Single Bonds
Single bonds involve the sharing of one pair of electrons between atoms
Double Bonds
Double bonds involve the sharing of two pairs of electrons between atoms
Triple Bonds
Triple bonds involve the sharing of three pairs of electrons between atoms
Covalent bonds are crucial for creating stable molecules and predicting their properties
Lewis dot structures are a visual representation of the valence electrons in an atom or molecule
Bonding Pairs
Bonding pairs are represented as lines between atoms, indicating the sharing of electrons
Lone Pairs
Lone pairs are represented as pairs of dots on individual atoms, indicating unshared electrons
Lewis dot structures are useful for predicting molecular geometry, electron distribution, and types of bonds present
Covalent bonds are present in substances such as nitrogen gas, carbon monoxide, and chlorine gas
Covalent bonds play a crucial role in biological molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrochloric acid
Elements and compounds such as hydrogen gas, sulfur, and organic compounds exhibit covalent bonding in their molecular forms
Macromolecules are large, complex molecules held together by covalent bonds
Allotropes of Carbon
Carbon forms two well-known allotropes, graphite and diamond, which showcase the versatility of covalent bonding in creating materials with distinct properties
00
______ bonds involve the mutual sharing of electron pairs between atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to ______.
Covalent
noble gases
01
Composition of nitrogen in air
Two nitrogen atoms (N2) with a triple covalent bond, sharing three electron pairs.
02
Nature of bond in carbon monoxide
Triple bond in CO; one is a coordinate covalent bond with both electrons from oxygen.
