Exploring the distinctions between qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, this overview highlights their unique approaches to data collection and analysis. Qualitative research delves into non-numerical data through methods like interviews and observations, focusing on depth of understanding. Quantitative research, conversely, relies on numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses and identify patterns. Both require rigorous quality standards to ensure validity and reliability, with qualitative research emphasizing credibility and transferability, while quantitative research upholds internal and external validity and objectivity.
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Qualitative research is a method of collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to explore concepts, perceptions, or experiences in depth
Participant Observation
Participant observation is a method used in qualitative research that involves observing and recording the behavior of participants in their natural environment
In-Depth Interviews
In-depth interviews are a method used in qualitative research that involves conducting detailed and open-ended conversations with participants to gather information
Focus Groups
Focus groups are a method used in qualitative research that involves bringing together a group of participants to discuss a specific topic or issue
The quality of qualitative research is assessed through criteria such as credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability to ensure its scientific integrity
Quantitative research is a method of collecting and analyzing numerical data to test hypotheses and establish patterns that can be generalized to larger populations
Surveys
Surveys with fixed responses are a method used in quantitative research to gather data from a large number of participants
Controlled Experiments
Controlled experiments are a method used in quantitative research to manipulate variables and measure their effects on outcomes
Statistical Analysis
Statistical tools are used in quantitative research to analyze data sets and establish patterns
Quantitative research is subject to quality standards such as internal and external validity, reliability, and objectivity to ensure the validity and reliability of its findings
Empirical research is a method of gathering and analyzing data through direct observation or experience, using the scientific method
Empirical research can utilize both qualitative and quantitative methods to produce observable, verifiable, and objective data
The scientific method, which includes formulating hypotheses, systematic observation, and experimentation, is fundamental to empirical research and ensures the production of reliable and valid findings
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Qualitative research data types
Non-numerical data such as observations, interviews, focus groups.
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Quantitative research methods
Surveys, experiments, statistical analysis.
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Generalization in research
Quantitative aims to generalize findings to populations; qualitative seeks in-depth understanding.
