Alkenes, also known as olefins, are unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, following the formula CnH2n. They exhibit isomerism and are more reactive than alkanes, making them vital in producing plastics, alcohols, and pharmaceuticals. Alkenes are produced industrially and can be detected with the bromine test. Their applications range from plastic production to use as ripening agents for fruits.
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Alkenes are hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, known for their unsaturated nature
Composition
Alkenes are composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms
Molecular Formula
The general molecular formula for alkenes is CnH2n, where n represents the number of carbon atoms
The simplest alkenes, with only one double bond, follow the molecular formula CnH2n, where n represents the number of carbon atoms
Alkenes are named according to IUPAC nomenclature guidelines, with the suffix '-ene' indicating the presence of a double bond
Structural Isomerism
Alkenes exhibit structural isomerism, including chain and positional isomerism, due to different carbon chain arrangements or double bond positions
Cis-Trans or E-Z Isomerism
Alkenes also exhibit cis-trans or E-Z isomerism, a type of stereoisomerism, due to restricted rotation around the double bond
Alkenes are named and numbered according to the location of the double bond and any substituents on the carbon chain
The bromine test is a qualitative method used to detect alkenes, where the solution turns colorless when added to an alkene due to an electrophilic addition reaction
Alkenes differ from alkanes in their saturation and chemical behavior, with alkenes being unsaturated and more reactive
Alkenes are essential in the production of a wide range of consumer goods and industrial products, such as plastics, rubber, detergents, and pharmaceuticals
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The basic alkenes adhere to the formula ______ indicating they have twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms, like in ______ which has three carbons and six hydrogens.
CnH2n
propene (C3H6)
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IUPAC suffix for alkenes
The suffix '-ene' is used to indicate a double bond in alkenes.
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Determining double bond location in alkenes
The double bond location is given the lowest possible number in the carbon chain.
